COMPUTER
Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine that manipulates information or data (input) and produces the result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and processing the data. It is composed of hardware and software in it.
Functioning
Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Process the data
Output Devices - Produces the result
Storage Devices (RAM) - Stores the result
Hope!! You understood this concept how computer access the data (input) and provides the output using some major components. Explanation is given for each and every component at below.
HARDWARE
Term hardware refers to physical components or elements of the computer like keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Disk and Chips.
SOFTWARE
Term Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.- Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access Memory)
- Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word processors such as Microsoft word
Can a computer run without software???
- — Yes, it is possible .But if u wants to create some documents and power points you need some software’s.
- — For example if you want to create a document you need word processor
- — Software will give some additional capabilities to your computer
Confused????????
To prepare the Food, Vegetables are required and to preserve the Vegetables, a Refrigerator is essential. Similarly to run a program Software is required and to establish the Software, Hardware is essential.
Hope you understood this. Let’s move to hardware components
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Internal hardware components
- — CPU
- — Mother Board
- — RAM
- — Sound Card
- — Video Card
- — Hard Drive
- — DVD
External Hardware components
- — Keyboard
- — Mouse
- — Printer
- — Scanner
- — Monitor
- — Speakers
Input Devices (accesses the data)
Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but input devices
Example : Keyboard and Mouse
Output Devices (provides the output)
Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but Output Devices
Example : Monitor and Printer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Central Processing Unit is also called as the “Brain of the Computer” or Main Processor which controls all the systems inner functions.
- It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto the motherboard
A computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing but MULTIPROCESSING
Two main parts of CPU are
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit (CU).
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : ALU is also called as basic building blocks of Central Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Control Unit (CU) : Control Unit controls the entire processing. It helps in the communication between Memory and ALU.
Memory (stores the result)
A place where we can store the data or set of instructions to access them while performing the operations .
There are two types of memories (storage devices)
- RAM (Random Access Memory)
- ROM (Read Only Memory)
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or reprogrammable. Advantage of ROM is Non –Volatile in nature which does not loses any data when there is no power supply. Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.
- ROM- Read only Memory
- PROM- Programmable Read only Memory
- EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
- EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
- Flash EEPROM memory
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM) READ ONLY MEMORY(ROM)
Volatile Non-Volatile
Both Read and Write Only Read
Data is Temporary Data is Permanent(Reusable)
Faster While Programming Slower
High Cost Low Cost
Larger in Size Smaller in Size
OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS)
Operating System is a type of software that allows computer hardware to communicate with software. A computer without OS is a mere machine
Example : DOS (Disk Operating System), Linux, Solaris
Types of operating systems
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
GUI is an interface, which allows us to interact with electronic devices like mobiles, gaming devices and Mp3 players using some graphical icons
Example : Windows 98, Windows CE, System 7.X
Multi-user operating system
Application software which allows multiple users to access the computer with time sharing system
Example : Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000
Multiprocessor operating system
An operating system which supports the utilization of two or more processors on single computer Example : Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000
Multi-Tasking
An operating system which supports multiple processes at the time Ex: Unix, Windows 2000.
Multithreading
This operating system will allows the software to perform some parts of program to run concurrently.
Example : Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000
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